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Iridium single crystal 77Ir192.2
Discovered in 1803 by S. Tennant at London, England.
[Latin: iris = rainbow]
French: iridium
German: iridium
Italian: iridio
Spanish: iridio
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Description: Iridium is a hard, lustrous, silvery metal of the so-called platinum group. It is unaffected by air, water, and acids, but dissolves in molten alkali. Iridium is used in special alloys and spark plugs.
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Metal single crystal properties
| State: |
single crystal |
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| Crystal structure: |
fcc |
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| Production method: |
Floating zone |
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| Standard size: |
diameter 8-10mm
thickness 1-2 |
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| Orientation: |
(100), (110) and (111) |
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| Orientation accuracy: |
<2°, <1°, <0.5° or <0.1° |
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| Polishing: |
as cut, one or two sides polished |
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| Roughness of surface: |
<0.03µm |
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| Purity: |
99.99% |
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| Typical analysis (ppm): |
Ag 0.50
Al 8,00
Au < 0,10
C 12,00
Ca 2,00
Co 4,00
Cu 0.60
Cr 2,00
Fe 9,00 |
Ni 0,50
O 8,00
Pb 2,00
Pt 10,00
Rh 15,00
Si 5,00
Ti 7,00
W 10,00
Ir balance |
Further Materials properties
| Crystal structure: |
(cell dimensions/pm), space group
f.c.c. (a=383.92). Fm3m |
| X-ray diffractions mass absorption coefficients: |
CuKa 193 (µ/r) / cm2g-1
MoKa 110 (µ/r) / cm2g-1
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| Neutron scattering length: |
1.06 b/10-12 cm |
| Thermal neutron capture cross-section: |
425 sa / barns
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| Density: |
22.5 g/cm3 |
| Melting point: |
2409.85 °C / 2683 °K |
| Boiling point: |
4129.85 °C / 4403 °K |
| Molar volume: |
8.57 cm3 |
| Thermal conductivity: |
147 [300 K] Wm-1K-1 |
| Coefficient of linear thermal expansion: |
6.4 x 10-6 K-1 |
| Electrical resistivity: |
5.3x10-8 [293 K] Wm |
| Mass magnetic susceptibility: |
+1.67 x 10-9(s) kg-1m3 |
| Young's modulus: |
528 GPa |
| Rigidity modulus: |
209 GPa |
| Bulk modulus: |
371 GPa |
| Poisson's ratio: |
0.26 GPa |
| Radii: |
Ir4+ 66; Ir3+ 75; Ir2+ 89; atomic 136; covalent 126 |
| Electronegativity: |
2.20 (Pauling); 1.55 (Allred); 5.4 eV (absolute) |
| Effective nuclear charge: |
3.90 (Slater); 10.57 (Clementi); 15.33 (Froese-Fischer) |
| Number of Isotopes (incl. nuclear isomers): |
40 |
| Issotope mass range: |
170 -> 198 |
Biological data
| Biological role: |
none |
| Toxicity |
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| Toxic intake: |
the pure metal is clinically inet; data on compounds is sparse. |
| Lethal intake: |
LD50 (chloride, oral, mouse) = 8.12 mg kg-1 |
| Hazards: |
Indium chloride is moderately toxic by ingestion, but most compunds are insoluble and not absorbed by the body. |
| Level in humans |
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| Blood: |
n.a., but very low |
| Bone: |
n.a. |
| Liver: |
n.a. |
| Muscle: |
c. 2 x 10-5 p.p.m. |
| Daily dietary intake : |
n.a., but very low |
Total mass of element in average
[70 kg] person: |
n.a. |
Geological data
| Minerals: |
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| Mineral |
Formula |
Density |
Hardness |
Crystal apperance |
| Iridium |
IR |
22.4 |
6 - 6.5 |
cub., met. white |
| Iridosmine |
(Os, Ir) |
20 |
6 - 7 |
hex., met. white/grey |
| Osmiridium |
(Ir, Os) |
20 |
6 - 7 |
cub., met. white |
| Chief ore: |
osmiridium; also found with platinum ores |
| World production: |
3 tonnes/year |
| Main mining areas: |
Canada for native element; see also platinum. |
| Reserves: |
n.a. |
| Specimen: |
available as foil, powder, spronge or wire. Safe.
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| Abundances |
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| Sun: |
7.1 (relative to H = 1 x 1012) |
| Earth's crust: |
3 x 10-6 p.p.m. |
| Seawater: |
n.a., but very low |
| Residence time:: |
n.a. |
Other sizes and specifications on request
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