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Antimony single crystal 51Sb121.75
Probably known to the ancients and certainly to the alchemists.
[Greek: anti + monos = not alone; Latin: stibium]
French: antimoine
German: Antimon
Italian: antimonio
Spanish: antimonio
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Description: Antimony is a metalloid element with three forms. The metallic form is the more stable and is bright, silvery, hard and brittle. It is stable in dry air, and is not attacked by dilute acids or alkalis. The addition of altimony will harden other metals, and is used in storage batteries, bearings, etc.
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Metal single crystal properties
| State: |
single crystal |
| Crystal structure: |
rhombohedral |
| Production method: |
Bridgeman |
| Standard size: |
diameter 12mm
thickness 1mm |
| Orientation: |
(100), (110) and (111) |
| Orientation accuracy: |
<2°, <1°, <0.5° or <0.1° |
| Polishing: |
as cut, one or two sides polished |
| Roughness of surface: |
<0.03µm |
| Purity: |
99.999% |
Further Materials properties
| Crystal structure: |
(cell dimensions/pm), space group, grey rhombohedral
(a=430.84, c=1124.79), R3m
(grey) cubic (a=298.6), Pm3m
metal h.c.p. (a=336.9, c=533), P63/mmc |
| X-ray diffractions mass absorption coefficients: |
CuKa 270 (µ/r) / cm2g-1
MoKa 33.1 (µ/r) / cm2g-1 |
| Neutron scattering length: |
0.557 b/10-12 cm |
| Thermal neutron capture cross-section: |
4.91 sa / barns |
| Density: |
6.62 g/cm3 |
| Melting point: |
630.74 °C / 903.89 °K |
| Boiling point: |
1634.85 °C / 1908 °K |
| Molar volume: |
18.20 cm3 |
| Thermal conductivity: |
24.3 [300 K] Wm-1K-1 |
| Coefficient of linear thermal expansion: |
8.5 x 10-6 K-1 |
| Electrical resistivity: |
39.0x10-8 [273 K] Wm |
| Mass magnetic susceptibility: |
-1.0 x 10-8(s) kg-1m3 |
| Young's modulus: |
54.7 GPa |
| Rigidity modulus: |
20.7 GPa |
| Bulk modulus: |
n.a. GPa |
| Poisson's ratio: |
0.25 - 0.33 GPa |
| Radii: |
Sb5+ 62; Sb3+ 89; Sb2- 245; atomic 182; covalent 141; van der Waals 220 |
| Electronegativity: |
2.05 (Pauling); 1.82 (Allred); 4.85 eV (absolute) |
| Effective nuclear charge: |
6.30 (Slater); 9.99 (Clementi); 12.37(Froese-Fischer) |
| Number of Isotopes (incl. nuclear isomers): |
40 |
| Issotope mass range: |
108 -> 136 |
Biological data
| Biological role: |
none |
| Toxicity |
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| Toxic intake: |
100 mg
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| Lethal intake: |
Antimony provokes vomiting, and was once prescribed for this purpose, but medical does is near to toxic dose and antimony can kill. LD50 (oral) for antimony potassium tartrate is c. 140 mg. |
| Hazards: |
Small does of antimony stimulate metabolism, large does cause liver damage. |
| Level in humans |
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| Blood: |
0.0033 mg dm-3 |
| Bone: |
0.01 - 0.6 p.p.m. |
| Liver: |
0.011 - 0.42 p.p.m. |
| Muscle: |
0.042 - 0.191 p.p.m. |
| Daily dietary intake : |
0.002 - 1.3 mg |
Total mass of element in average
[70 kg] person: |
2 mg |
Geological data
| Minerals: |
A little native antimony occurs naturally as granular masses or nodules, Generally in silver-bearing lodes and has been found in Sweden, Germany, Italy and the USA |
| Mineral |
Formula |
Density |
Hardness |
Crystal apperance |
| Sibiconite |
Sb3O6(OH) |
5.58 |
4 - 5.5 |
hex., res./adam. black |
| Stibnite |
Sb2S3 |
4.63 |
2 |
hex., yellow, tiny prisms |
| Tetrahedrite |
(Cu,Fe)12Sb4S13 |
4.97 |
3 - 4.5 |
rhom., adam. white/brown |
| Ullmannite |
NiSbS |
6.65 |
5 - 5.5 |
cub., metallic grey |
| Chief ore: |
Stibnite. Tetrahedrite, although mainly a copper ore, yields antimony as a by-product. |
| World production: |
53000 tonnes/year |
| Main mining areas: |
China, Italy, Peru, Mexico, Bolivias, France |
| Reserves: |
2.5 x 106 tonnes |
| Specimen: |
available as pieces, powder or shot. CARE !
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| Abundances |
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| Sun: |
10 (relative to H = 1 x 1012) |
| Earth's crust: |
0.2 p.p.m. |
| Seawater: |
c. 3 x 10-4 p.p.m. |
| Residence time:: |
3.5 x 105 years |
| Classification: |
accumulating |
| Oxidation state: |
III |
Other sizes and specifications on request
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