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Discovered in 1825 by Oersted at Copenhagen, Denmark.

  [Latin: alumen = alum]
  French: aluminium
  German: aluminium
  Italian: alluminio
  Spanish: aluminio

Description: Pure aluminium is soft and malleable, but can be toughened by alloying with small amounts of other metals like copper and magnesium. Aluminium objects are protected from reacting with air and water by an oxide film which forms rapidly on the surface. Aluminium is soluble in concentrated hydrochloric acid and in sodium hydroxide solution. The metal and its alloys have hundreds of uses in the vehicle, aircraft, and construction industries. It is used to make cans kegs, wrapping foil, household utensils, etc.

Metal single crystal properties

State:	Single crystal
Crystal structure:	fcc
Production method:	Bridgman or Czochralski
Standard size:	diameter 12-20mm thickness 1-2mm
Orientation:	(100), (110) and (111)
Orientation accuracy:	<2°, <1°, <0.5° or <0.1°
Polishing:	as cut, one or two sides polished
Roughness of surface:	<0.03 µm
Purity:	99.9999%

Typical analysis (ppm):

Ag < 0.005
As < 0.2
B < 0.005
Ba < 0.1
Be < 0.005
Bi < 0.005
Ca < 0.050
Ce < 1.0
Cl < 1.0
Co < 0.1
Cr 0.009
Cs < 0.5
Cu < 0.4
F < 0.9
Fe 0.163
Ga < 0.005
Ge < 0.5
In < 0.005
K < 0.1
La < 0.5
Li < 0.1

Mg 0.403
Mn 0.025
Mo < 0.2
Na 0.014
Ni < 0.005
O < 10
P 0.049
Pb < 0.005
Pd < 0.5
Pt < 0.5
S < 0.9
Sb < 0.005
Si 0.223
Sn < 0.2
Th 1.9 ppb
Ti 0.016
U 0.9 ppb
V 0.006
W < 0.5
Zn 0.024
Zr 0.005
Al balance

Further Materials properties

Crystal structure:	(cell dimensions/pm), space group, fcc (a = 404.959), Fm3m
X-ray diffractions mass absorption coefficients:	CuK_a 48.6 (µ/r) / cm²g^-1 MoK_a 5.16 (µ/r) / cm²g^-1
Neutron scattering length:	0.3449 b/10^-12 cm
Thermal neutron capture cross-section:	0.231 s_a / barns
Density:	2698 kg/m^-3 [293 K]; 2390 [liquid at m.p.]
Melting point:	660.37 °C / 933.52 °K
Boiling point:	2466.85 °C / 2740 °K
Molar volume:	10.00 cm³
Thermal conductivity:	237 [300 K] Wm^-1K^-1
Coefficient of linear thermal expansion:	23.03 x 10^-6 K^-1
Electrical resistivity:	2.6548x10^-8 [293 K] Wm
Mass magnetic susceptibility:	+7.7 x 10^-9(s) kg^-1m³
Young's modulus:	70.6 GPa
Rigidity modulus:	26.2 GPa
Bulk modulus:	75.2 GPa
Poisson's ratio:	0.345 GPa
Radii:	Al³⁺ 57; atomic 143; covalent 125; van der Waals 205
Electronegativity:	1.61 (Pauling); 1.47 (Allred); 3.23 eV (absolute)
Effective nuclear charge:	3.50 (Slater); 4.07 (Clementi); 3.64 (Froese-Fischer)
Number of Isotopes (incl. nuclear isomers):	11
Issotope mass range:	22 -> 31

Biological data

Biological role:	Al has no known biological role
Toxicity
Toxic intake:	5 g
Lethal intake:	n.a.
Hazards:	Aluminium accumultates in the body from a daily intake. Its compounds are used as food additives and in indigestion tablets.
Level in humans
Blood:	0.39 mg dm^-3
Bone:	4 - 27 p.p.m.
Liver:	3 - 23 p.p.m.
Muscle:	0.7 - 28 p.p.m.
Daily dietary intake :	2.45 mg
Total mass of element in average [70 kg] person:	60 mg

Geological data

Minerals:	Many minerals are known, and aluminium is present in many other minerals
Mineral	Formula	Density	Hardness	Crystal apperance
Bauxite	AlO(OH)	2.3	1 - 3	rarely found as single crystals
Boehmite	AlO(OH)	3.07	3	orth., white/brown, microscopic
Diaspore	AlO(OH)	3.3 - 3.5	6.5 - 7	orth., white, thin plates
Gibbsite	Al(OH)₃	2.40	2.5 - 3.5	mon., pearly white, hexagonal

Chief ore:	bauxite; diaspore is a constituent of bauxite
World production:	15 x 10⁶ tonnes/year
Main mining areas:	Surinam, Jamaica, Ghana, Indonesia, Russia
Reserves:	6 x 10⁹ tonnes
Specimen:	available as foil, granules, ingots, pellets, powder, rod, shot or wire. Safe. Al-Powder can react dangerously with other materials

Abundances
Sun:	3.3 x 10⁶ (relative to H = 1 x 10²³)
Earth's crust:	82000 ppm
Seawater:
Atlantic surface:	9.7 x 10^-4 p.p.m.
Atlantic deep:	5.2 x 10^-4 p.p.m.
Pacific surface:	1.3 x 10^-4 p.p.m.
Pacific deep:	0.13 x 10^-4 p.p.m.
Residence time::	150 years
Classification:	scavenged
Oxidation state:	III

Other sizes and specifications on request