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Ytterbium 70Yb173.04
Discovered in 1878 by J.C. Galissard de Marignac at Geneva, Switzerland.
[Named after Ytterby, Sweden]
French: ytterbium
German: Ytterbium
Italian: itterbio
Spanish: yterbio
Description: Ytterbium
is a soft, silvery-white metal of the so-called rare earth group (more correctly termed the lantahnides). It is slowly oxidised by air and
reacts with water. It has few uses but some is employed in stress gauges.
Materials properties
| Density: |
6965 kg/m-3 [293 K] |
| Melting point: |
1097 °K |
| Boiling point: |
1466 °K |
| Molar volume: |
24.84 cm3 |
| Thermal conductivity: |
34.9 [300 K] Wm-1K-1 |
| Coefficient of linear thermal expansion: |
25.0 x 10-6 K-1 |
| Electrical resistivity: |
29.0 x 10-8 [293 K] Wm |
| Mass magnetic susceptibility: |
+1.81 x 10-8(s) kg-1m3 |
| Young's modulus: |
23.9 GPa |
| Rigidity modulus: |
9.9 GPa |
| Bulk modulus: |
30.5 GPa |
| Poisson's ratio: |
0.207 GPa |
| Radii: |
Yb3+ 86; Yb2+ 113; atomic 194; covalent 170 |
| Electronegativity: |
n.a. (Pauling); 1.06 (Allred); ≤ 3.5 eV (absolute) |
| Effective nuclear charge: |
2.85 (Slater); 8.59 (Clementi); 11.90 (Froese-Fischer) |
| Number of Isotopes (incl. nuclear isomers): |
29 |
| Issotope mass range: |
154 -> 179 |
Biological data
| Biological role: |
None, but acts to stimulate metabolism. |
| Toxicity |
|
| Toxic intake: |
n.a. |
| Lethal intake: |
LD 50 (chloride, oral, mouse) = 6700 mg kg -1 |
| Hazards: |
Ytterbium is mildly toxic by ingestion and is a skin and eye irritant. It is also a suspected teratogen. |
| Level in humans |
|
| Organs: |
n.a. but low |
| Daily dietary intake : |
n.a. |
| Total mass of element in average [70 kg] person: |
n.a. |
Crystal data
| Crystal structure, (cell dimentions / pm), space group |
α-Yb f.c.c. (a = 548.62), Fm3m β-Yb b.c.c. (a=444), Im3m T(α->β) = 1 073 K |
| X-ray diffraction: mass absorption coefficients (µ/ρ)/cm2g-1 : |
CuKα 146 MoKα 84.5 |
| Neutron scattering length, b/10-12cm: |
1.243 |
| Thermal neutron capture cross-section, σa/barns : |
34.8 |
Geological data
| Mineral |
Formula |
Density |
Hardness |
Crystal apperance |
| Euxenite* |
(Y,Ca,Ce,U,Th)(Nb,Ta;Ti)2O6 |
5.0 |
5.5 - 6.5 |
orth., met. greasy black |
| Xenotime* |
YPO4 |
4.8 |
4 - 5 |
tet., vit./res. yellow-brown |
*These ores contain extractable amounts of ytterbium.
| Chief ore: |
euxenite, xenotime |
| World production: |
c. 50 tonnes/year |
| Main mining areas: |
USA, Canada. Euxenite is also found in Greenland and Brazil. |
| Reserves: |
c. 1 x 106 tonnes |
| Specimen: |
available as chips or ingots. Safe. Yb powder is a skin and eye irritant. Care! |
| Abundances |
|
| Sun: |
8 (relative to H = 1 x 1023) |
| Earth's crust: |
3.3 p.p.m. |
| Seawater: |
|
| Atlantic surface: |
5 x 10-7 p.p.m. |
| Atlantic deep: |
7.5 x 10-7 p.p.m. |
| Pacific surface: |
3.7 x 10-7 p.p.m. |
| Pacific deep: |
22 x 10-7 p.p.m. |
| Residence time: |
400 years |
| Classification: |
recycled |
| Oxidation state: |
III |
Other sizes and specifications on request
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