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Neodymium 60Ne144.24
Separated in 1885 by Baron Auer von Welschbach at Vienna, Austria.
[Greek: neos didymos = new twin]
French: néodyme
German: Neodym
Italian: neodimio
Spanish: neodimio
Description: Neodymium is
a silvery-white metal of the so-called rare earth group (more correctly termed
the lanthanides). It tarnishes in air, reacts slowly with cold water, rapidly
with hot. Neodymium is used in alloys for permanent magnets, lasers, flints, glazes and glass.
Materials properties
| Density: |
7007 kg/m-3 [293 K] |
| Melting point: |
1294 °K |
Boiling point: |
3341 °K |
| Molar volume: |
20.59 cm3 |
| Thermal conductivity: |
16.5 [300 K] Wm-1K-1 |
| Coefficient of linear thermal expansion: |
6.7 x 10-6 K-1 |
| Electrical resistivity: |
64.0 x 10-8 [293 K] Wm |
| Mass magnetic susceptibility: |
+4.902 x 10-7(s) kg-1m3 |
| Young's modulus: |
41.4 GPa |
| Rigidity modulus: |
16.3 GPa |
| Bulk modulus: |
31.8 GPa |
| Poisson's ratio: |
0.281 GPa |
| Radii: |
Nd3+ 104; atomic 182; covalent 164 |
| Electronegativity: |
1.14 (Pauling); 1.07 (Allred); ≤ 3.0 eV (absolute) |
| Effective nuclear charge: |
2.85 (Slater); 9.31 (Clementi); 10.83 (Froese-Fischer) |
| Number of Isotopes (incl. nuclear isomers): |
24 |
| Issotope mass range: |
133 -> 154 |
Biological data
| Biological role: |
None. |
| Toxicity |
|
| Toxic intake: |
n.a. |
| Lethal intake: |
LD50(chloride, oral, mouse) = 5250 mg kg-1 |
| Hazards: |
Neodymium is mildly toxic by ingestion, but is a skin and eye irritant. |
| Level in humans |
|
| Organs: |
n.a. but very low |
| Daily dietary intake : |
n.a. |
| Total mass of element in average [70 kg] person: |
n.a. but very low |
Crystal data
| Crystal structure, (cell dimentions / pm), space group |
α-Nd hexagonal (a = 365.79, c=1179.92), P63/mmc β-Nd b.c.c. (a=413), Im3m T(α->β) = 1135 high pressure form: f.c.c. (a=480), Fm3m |
|
X-ray diffraction: mass absorption coefficients (µ/ρ)/cm2g-1: |
CuKα 374 MoKα 53.2 |
| Neutron scattering length, b/10-12cm: |
0.769 |
| Thermal neutron capture cross-section, σa/barns: |
49 |
Geological data
| Mineral |
Formula |
Density |
Hardness |
Crystal apperance |
| Bastnäsite* |
(Ce,La,etc.)CO3F |
4.9 |
4 - 5.5 |
hex., vit./greasy yellow |
| Monazite |
(Ce,La,Nd,Th,etc.)PO4 |
5.20 |
5 - 5.5 |
mon., waxy/vit. yellow-brown |
*Although not a major constituent, neodymium is present in extractable amounts.
| Chief ore: |
monazite, bastnäsite |
| World production: |
7300 tonnes/year |
| Main mining areas: |
USA, Brazil, India, Sri Lanka, Australia |
| Reserves: |
c. 8 x 106 tonnes |
| Specimen: |
available as chips, or ingots. Safe. Neodymium is also available as a powder but dust in the eyes is an irritant.Care! |
| Abundances |
|
| Sun: |
17 (relative to H = 1 x 1023) |
| Earth's crust: |
38 p.p.m. |
| Seawater: |
|
| Atlantic surface: |
1.8 x 10-6 p.p.m. |
| Atlantic deep: |
3.2 x 10-6 p.p.m. |
| Pacific surface: |
1.8 x 10-6 p.p.m. |
| Pacific deep: |
4.8 x 10-6 p.p.m. |
| Residence time: |
500 years |
| Classification: |
recycled |
| Oxidation state: |
III |
Other sizes and specifications on request
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