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Lutetium 71Lu174.97
Discovered in 1907 by G. Urbain at Paris, France, and independently by C. James at the University of New Hampshire, USA.
[Greek: Lutetia = Paris]
French: lutétium
German: Lutetium
Italian: lutezio
Spanish: lutecio
Description: Lutetium is the hardest, densest and one of the rarest so-called rare-earth metals. It is little used except in chemical research.
Materials properties
| Density: |
9840 kg/m-3 [298 K] |
| Melting point: |
1936 °K |
| Boiling point: |
3668 °K |
| Molar volume: |
17.78 cm3 |
| Thermal conductivity: |
16.4 [300 K] Wm-1K-1 |
| Coefficient of linear thermal expansion: |
8.12 x 10-6 K-1 |
| Electrical resistivity: |
79.0 x 10-8 [298 K] Wm |
| Mass magnetic susceptibility: |
+1.3 x 10-9(s) kg-1m3 |
| Young's modulus: |
68.6 GPa |
| Rigidity modulus: |
27.2 GPa |
| Bulk modulus: |
47.6 GPa |
| Poisson's ratio: |
0.261 GPa |
| Radii: |
Lu3+ 85; atomic 173; covalent 156 |
| Electronegativity: |
1.27 (Pauling); 1.14 (Allred); ≤ 3.0 eV (absolute) |
| Effective nuclear charge: |
3.0 (Slater); 8.80 (Clementi); 12.68 (Froese-Fischer) |
| Number of Isotopes (incl. nuclear isomers): |
41 |
| Issotope mass range: |
154 -> 182 |
Biological data
| Biological role: |
None, but acts to stimulate metabolism. |
| Toxicity |
|
| Toxic intake: |
n.a. |
| Lethal intake: |
LD50(chloride, oral, mouse) = 7100 mg kg-1 |
| Hazards: |
lutetium is mildly toxic by ingestion. |
| Level in humans |
|
| Organs: |
n.a. but low |
| Daily dietary intake : |
n.a. |
| Total mass of element in average [70 kg] person: |
n.a. but very low |
Crystal data
| Crystal structure, (cell dimentions / pm), space group |
α-Lu h.c.p. (a = 350.31, c= 555.09), P63/mmc β-Lu b.c.c. (a=390), Im3m |
| X-ray diffraction: mass absorption coefficients (µ/ρ) /cm2g-1: |
CuKα 153 MoKα 88.2 |
| Neutron scattering length, b/10-12cm: |
0.721 |
| Thermal neutron capture cross-section, σa/barns: |
84 |
Geological data
| Mineral |
Formula |
Density |
Hardness |
Crystal apperance |
| Bastnäsite* |
(Ce,La,etc.)CO3F |
4.9 |
4 - 5.5 |
hex., vit./greasy yellow |
| Monazite* |
(Ce,La,Nd,Th,etc.)PO4 |
5.20 |
5 - 5.5 |
mon., waxy/vit. yellow-brown |
*Although not a major constituent. lutetium is present in extractable amounts.
| Chief ore: |
monazite, bastnäsite |
| World production: |
c.10 tonnes/year |
| Main mining areas: |
USA, Brazil, India, Sri Lanka, Australia, China |
| Reserves: |
c. 2 x 105 tonnes |
| Specimen: |
available as ingots or powder. Safe. |
| Abundances |
|
| Sun: |
5.8 (relative to H = 1 x 1023) |
| Earth's crust: |
0.51 p.p.m. |
| Seawater: |
|
| Atlantic surface: |
1.4 x 10-7 p.p.m. |
| Atlantic deep: |
2.0 x 10-7 p.p.m. |
| Pacific surface: |
0.6 x 10-7 p.p.m. |
| Pacific deep: |
4.1 x 10-7 p.p.m. |
| Residence time: |
4000 years |
| Classification: |
recycled |
| Oxidation state: |
III |
Other sizes and specifications on request
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