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Erbium 68Er167.26
Discovered in 1842 by C.G. Mosander at Stockholm, Sweden.
[Named after Ytterby, Sweden]
French: erbium
German: Erbium
Italian: erbio
Spanish: erbio
Description: Erbium
is a silvery metal of the so-called rare earth group (more correctly termed
the landthanides). It slowly tarnishes in air, reacts slowly with water, and
dissolves in acids. Erbium is used in infrared-absorbing glass and in alloys with titanium.
Materials properties
| Density: |
9066 kg/m-3[298K] |
| Melting point: |
1802 °K |
| Boiling point: |
3136 °K |
| Molar volume: |
18.44 cm3 |
| Thermal conductivity: |
14.3 [300 K] Wm-1K-1 |
| Coefficient of linear thermal expansion: |
9.2 x 10-6 K-1 |
| Electrical resistivity: |
87 x 10-8 [298 K] Wm |
| Mass magnetic susceptibility: |
+3.33 x 10-6(s) kg-1m3 |
| Young's modulus: |
69.9 GPa |
| Rigidity modulus: |
28.3 GPa |
| Bulk modulus: |
44.4 GPa |
| Poisson's ratio: |
0.237 GPa |
| Radii: |
Er3+89; atomic 176; covalent 157 |
| Electronegativity: |
1.24 (Pauling); 1.14 (Allred); ≤ 3.3 eV (absolute) |
| Effective nuclear charge: |
2.85 (Slater); 8.48 (Clementi); 11.70 (Froese-Fischer) |
| Number of Isotopes (incl. nuclear isomers): |
25 |
| Issotope mass range: |
150 -> 173 |
Biological data
| Biological role: |
None, but acts to stimulate metabolism. |
| Toxicity |
|
| Toxic intake: |
n.a. |
| Lethal intake: |
LD50(chloride, oral, mouse) = 6200 mg kg-1 |
| Hazards: |
Erbium is mildly toxic by ingestion. |
| Level in humans |
|
| Organs: |
n.a. but low |
| Daily dietary intake : |
n.a. |
| Total mass of element in average [70 kg] person: |
n.a. |
Crystal data
| Crystal structure, (cell dimentions / pm), space group |
α-Er h.c.p. (a = 355.88, c= 558.74), P63/mmc β-Er b.c.c. (a = 394), Im3m T(α->β)= 1640 K |
| X-ray diffraction: mass absorption coefficients (µ/ρ)/cm2g-1: |
CuKα 134 MoKα 77.3 |
| Neutron scattering length, b/10-12cm: |
0.816 |
| Thermal neutron capture cross-section, σa/barns: |
160 |
Geological data
| Mineral |
Formula |
Density |
Hardness |
Crystal apperance |
| Bastnäsite* |
(Ce,La,etc.)CO3F |
4.9 |
4 - 4.5 |
mon. waxy/vit. yellow |
| Monazite* |
(Ce,La,Nd,Th,etc.)PO4 |
5.2 |
5 - 5.5 |
mon. waxy/vit. yellow-brown |
*Although not a major constituent, erbium is present in extractable amounts.
| Chief ore: |
monazite, bastnäsite |
| World production: |
c. 500 tonnes/year |
| Main mining areas: |
USA, Brazil, India, Sri Lanka, Australia. |
| Reserves: |
c. 1 x 106 tonnes |
| Specimen: |
available as chips, ingots or powder. Safe. |
| Abundances |
|
| Sun: |
5.8 (relative to H = 1 x 1023) |
| Earth's crust: |
3.8 p.p.m. |
| Seawater: |
|
| Atlantic surface: |
5.9 x 10-7 p.p.m. |
| Atlantic deep: |
8.6 x 10-7 p.p.m. |
| Pacific surface: |
n.a. |
| Pacific deep: |
n.a. |
| Residence time: |
400 years |
| Classification: |
recycled |
| Oxidation state: |
III |
Other sizes and specifications on request
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